Chapter 3 Citations
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Even a single dose of a type of polyphenol in apples, called B-type procyanidins. See Osakabe N, Fushimi T, Fujii Y. Hormetic response to B-type procyanidin ingestion involves stress-related neuromodulation via the gut-brain axis: Preclinical and clinical observations. Front Nutr. 2022;9:969823. Published 2022 Sep 7. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.969823
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They are a rich source of polyphenols, including resveratrol. See Apinun Limmongkon, Prachya Janhom, Ampika Amthong, Muenfan Kawpanuk, Patcharaporn Nopprang, Jirarat Poohadsuan, Thapakorn Somboon, Suwaree Saijeen, Damratsamon Surangkul, Metawee Srikummool, Tantip Boonsong, Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and resveratrol content in five cultivars of peanut sprouts, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, Volume 7, Issue 4,2017, Pages 332-338.
Sprouted peanuts contain ninety times the amount of resveratrol of wine. See Kang NE, Ha AW, Woo HW, Kim WK. Peanut sprouts extract (Arachis hypogaea L.) has anti-obesity effects by controlling the protein expressions of PPARĪ³ and adiponectin of adipose tissue in rats fed high-fat diet. Nutr Res Pract. 2014 Apr;8(2):158-64. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.2.158. Epub 2014 Mar 28. PMID: 24741399; PMCID: PMC3988504.
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Apigenin, a dietary flavonoid that stimulates the growth of certain good gut bacteria. See Wang M, Firrman J, Zhang L, Arango-Argoty G, Tomasula P, Liu L, Xiao W, Yam K. Apigenin Impacts the Growth of the Gut Microbiota and Alters the Gene Expression of Enterococcus. Molecules. 2017 Aug 3;22(8):1292. doi: 10.3390/molecules22081292. PMID: 28771188; PMCID: PMC6152273.
The menthol in peppermint can mitigate the damage from bad bacteria. See Mimica-DukiÄ N, Bozin B, SokoviÄ M, MihajloviÄ B, Matavulj M. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils. Planta Med. 2003 May;69(5):413-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-39704. PMID: 12802721.
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The antioxidant anthocyanin, which fights inflammation. See Jiang Y, Wu SH, Shu XO, Xiang YB, Ji BT, Milne GL, Cai Q, Zhang X, Gao YT, Zheng W, Yang G. Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely correlated with circulating levels of proinflammatory markers in women. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014 May;114(5):700-8.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.12.019. Epub 2014 Mar 13. PMID: 24630682; PMCID: PMC4063312.
And lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease. See Wallace TC. Anthocyanins in cardiovascular disease. Adv Nutr. 2011 Jan;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.3945/an.110.000042. Epub 2011 Jan 10. PMID: 22211184; PMCID: PMC3042791.
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Cranberries bolster bladder. See Chou HI, Chen KS, Wang HC, Lee WM. Effects of cranberry extract on prevention of urinary tract infection in dogs and on adhesion of Escherichia coli to Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Am J Vet Res. 2016 Apr;77(4):421-7. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.77.4.421. PMID: 27027843.
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Dandelion greens are fiber-rich gems that stimulate bile in the liver. See Gulfraz M, Ahamd D, Ahmad MS, Qureshi R, Mahmood RT, Jabeen N, Abbasi KS. Effect of leaf extracts of Taraxacum officinale on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats, in vivo study. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014 Jul;27(4):825-9. PMID: 25015447.
