Formulation
Complete and Balanced Meals Formulation Details
The recipes in the book meet the latest criteria for recommended allowances from FEDIAF. These recommended allowances are for growing and adult dogs and cats, meet a metabolic basis for specific activity levels and calorie consumption, and do not exceed extrapolated FEDIAF maximum nutrient requirements on a metabolic basis per day.
The formulation software we used to create these recipes is the Animal Diet Formulator (ADF), which combines USDA and verified international food data to build a comprehensive nutritional database of ingredients, in collaboration with practicing veterinarians, board-certified veterinary nutritionists, pet food producers, and other industry professionals using up-to-date FEDIAF and AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) guidelines. We used 2021 FEDIAF guidelines for these recipes.
All recipes also meet AAFCO 2021 guidelines, excluding phosphorus for adult cats (opting for FEDIAF’s lower requirements). We used the lowest iodine requirements (AAFCO) for all adult cat recipes. All recipes were formulated in Atwater, on a caloric basis (not dry matter), using the following metabolic multipliers (K factors):
- 110 for adult dogs,
- 85 for less active dogs.
- Puppy feeding directions based on NRC 2006, page 38–39 and Table 15–2, using K factors of 210 (early growth), 175 (mid growth), and 140 (late growth). Cat and kitten feeding instructions based on FEDIAF table VII-9, VII-10.
- Cat K factors: 52 (less active), 75 (indoor adult), 100 (outdoor adult), 169 (kitten early growth), 141 (kitten mid growth), 113 (kitten late growth). Nutrient losses during cooking were accounted for using USDA retention values.